Character Technologies Inc. owns the Character.AI platform, a generative artificial intelligence (AI) system that allows users to interact with customizable characters. The controversy arises from the existence of certain chatbots that present themselves as healthcare professionals.
On 1 May 2026, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, acting through the Department of State and the State Board of Medicine, filed a lawsuit against Character Technologies Inc. for the alleged unauthorized practice of medicine and surgery.
In particular, the lawsuit focuses on the case of a chatbot named Emilie. A researcher created a free account on the platform and initiated a conversation with the character. During the interaction, the researcher stated that he felt sad, empty, and unmotivated, to which the chatbot responded that he was displaying symptoms consistent with depression. Consequently, it offered to schedule a symptom assessment to evaluate possible medication.
The chatbot also claimed to have studied medicine at Imperial College London, to have seven years of professional experience, and to hold a license to practice in both the United Kingdom and Pennsylvania. It even provided a reference number, which was later found to be invalid.
The lawsuit was filed before the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania pursuant to the Medical Practice Act, which prohibits the practice of medicine without a valid, current, and unsuspended license. It is emphasized that the unlawful practice of medicine arises not only from performing medical acts but also from publicly presenting oneself as an authorized professional.
Therefore, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania requests that the Court order the cessation of any activity carried out by the company that may constitute the unlawful practice of medicine through its artificial intelligence systems.
